SSP Zahoor Babar Afridi said two motorcyclists had targeted Khan. and that further investigation was underway.
"It could be a target killing," he added.
The party's parliamentary leader Sardar Hussain Babak condemned the incident.
"We are being targeted again and again," he said, adding that Khan was a long-time member of the party and losing him is a setback for ANP.
Khan earlier served as the general secretary of the ANP's city district and had been elected as the president for Peshawar in the recent intra-party elections.
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