The injured were taken from New York's John F Kennedy International Airport to local hospitals, mainly for treatment of bumps, cuts and bruises.
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One flight attendant suffered a broken leg, according to Steve Coleman, a spokesperson for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which operates the area's airports, bus terminals, bridges and tunnels.
The Boeing 777 - which had 326 passengers and 21 crew onboard - was over the Atlantic Ocean, about 45 minutes from landing, when it struck the turbulence, Coleman told AFP.
Airport operations were not disrupted as a result of the incident, he added.
Turkish Airlines did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
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Earlier in the day, a plane operated by Canada's Air Transat made an emergency landing at another New York area airport - in Newark, New Jersey - after smoke was detected in the cargo hold, the company said.
The Boeing 737-800, which had 189 passengers on board, was traveling from Montreal to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. No one was injured, a spokesperson for Air Transat told AFP.
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