The incident started during the night in the hotel in Harbin, capital of the northeastern Heilongjiang province, according to the official Xinhua news agency.
"At 10:50 am (0250 GMT) 18 people Saturday were already confirmed dead. The rescue operation is ongoing," the agency said in a report, citing information from local fire fighters.
"An inquiry into the causes of the fire is underway," it added, without giving further details.
Hotel fires are common in China, where fire security regulations are routinely neglected.
In April, 18 people were killed and five more injured in a fire at a karaoke establishment in the country's south.
In November, a fire left 19 people dead and eight injured at a boarding house in Beijing. And in May 2015, 38 people were found dead in a fire at a retirement home in central Henan province.
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