US Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross and Chinese Vice Premier Wang Yang oversaw a signing ceremony at the Great Hall of the People but they did not immediately give details about the 19 deals.
Wang said the agreements were merely a "warmup" before Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping oversee their own ceremony on Thursday involving bigger deals, including in exports of natural gas and soybeans.
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Trump plans to use the three-day trip to press Xi on China's massive trade surplus with the United States, which slightly fell in October to $26.6 billion, according to official Chinese data released on Wednesday.
"Addressing the imbalance in China trade has been the central focus of collaborative discussions between President Trump and President Xi," Ross said.
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"Achieving fair and reciprocal treatment for the companies is a shared objective," he said.
For his part, Wang said: Economic deals are "an important ballast for the overall bilateral relationship", adding he believed they would contribute to its "stabilisation".
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