The selectors have recalled veteran leg-spinner Amit Mishra and off-spinner Parvez Rasool in the 15-man squad.
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The Virat Kohli-led side, who won the three-match ODI series 2-1, moves into the shortest format with the first game scheduled in Kanpur on January 26.
Ashwin and Jadeja shared seven wickets between them in the three 50-over matches, bowling tighter lines than the fast bowlers on run-filled pitches.
The 34-year-old Mishra was in the ODI squad against England but failed to make it to the starting lineup. He finished with figures of 5-18 in his last outing for his country during an ODI against New Zealand in October.
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Meanwhile Rasool, 27, who represented India in just one 50-over match before in 2014, joins the squad riding on his excellent domestic showing in the Ranji Trophy competition.
India squad:
Virat Kohli (captain), Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Lokesh Rahul, Suresh Raina, Rishabh Pant, Manish Pandey, Yuvraj Singh, Hardik Pandya, Amit Mishra, Parvez Rasool, Jasprit Bumrah, Bhuvneshwar Kumar, Ashish Nehra, Yuzvendra Chahal, Mandeep Singh.
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