Petersen, 35, who is the captain of Highveld Lions, has been charged with multiple breaches of CSA's anti-corruption code.
Cricket South Africa bans four players over match fixing
The charges include "contriving to fix or otherwise improperly influence matches during the 2015 Ram Slam".
The South African batsman, who played for Lancashire last season, has been provisionally suspended and has 14 days to respond to the charges.
Gulam Bodi, Jean Symes, Pumelela Matshikwe, Ethy Mbhalati and Thami Tsolekile were all handed lengthy bans by CSA earlier this year for their part in attempting to fix matches in the Ram Slam.
South Africa ban Bodi for 20 years over match-fixing
Petersen previously played for English county sides Glamorgan, Essex and Somerset, before joining Lancashire as a non-overseas player after he retired from internationals in 2015.
The Port Elizabeth -born opener represented Proteas in 36 Tests, 21 ODIs and two T20Is, where he scored more than 2,500 runs, scoring five centuries and eight half- centuries in his international career which lasted over nine years.
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