28-year-old claimed Sri Lanka's Dhanajay de Silva, who was caught at midoff, to reach the milestone in the second session of the third day's play, triggering celebrations in the Aussie camp.
Is Amir as good as he was in 2010?
Lyon, who had already passed former Australian off-spinner Hugh Trumble's tally of 141 wickets, has now picked up five wickets in the game which looks evenly balanced.
Lyon, playing in his 55th Test, made his debut in 2011 in Sri Lanka's Galle, the venue for the next match in the series.
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