Ties between Turkey and Egypt ruptured in 2013 after the military ousted elected extremist president Mohamed Morsi, a close ally of Erdogan's AKP government.
Erdogan vows to forge ahead with contested Gezi Park project
Observers had suggested a rapprochement may be on the cards after last week saw Turkey restore ties with Russia and Israel following bitter diplomatic rows, seeking to boost trade and shore up its regional clout.
But Erdogan said Tuesday that a thaw with Egypt's "oppressive regime" should not be expected any time soon.
"The context with Egypt is different from the approaches undertaken with Russia and Israel," the Turkish strongman told journalists in comments cited by Dogan news agency.
Erdogan speaks with Abbas on Turkish-Israeli deal over Gaza
He stressed that Turkey's dispute was with Egypt's government, not its people, and repeated his condemnation of the crackdown on Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood.
"Sentences handed down to Morsi and his friends have been based on fabrications," he said.
"These people are our brothers, we cannot accept these decisions by an oppressive regime."
Erdogan has previously condemned the "coup" against Morsi, and in a show of solidarity at rallies he often uses a four-finger hand gesture known as "Rabia" -- seen as a symbol of the Muslim Brotherhood.
Turkey PM wants 'no permanent enmity' with neighbours
Saudi Arabia, an increasingly close Turkish ally that is one of the main backers of Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, is keen to see the two nations reconcile.
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