Rajab, who was detained in 2014 for tweets deemed insulting to the authorities before his release on health grounds, was apprehended in a dawn raid on his home in the mainly Shia village of Bani Jamra near Manama, according to his family.
Bahrain arrests 8 'terrorists' fleeing to Iran by speedboat
"Rajab was arrested from his house and his house was searched," Sumaya Rajab, his wife, posted on Twitter.
HRD Nabeel Rajab has just been arrested from his house and his house was searched #bahrain @NABEELRAJAB
— Sumaya Rajab (@binmrajab) June 13, 2016
The activist, who has led anti-government marches and heads the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, had previously served two years in jail for taking part in unauthorised protests.
He was sentenced to six months in jail for his tweets but pardoned in July 2015 after King Hamad issued a royal pardon "for health reasons".
Bahrain arrests four Americans, including journalists
Bahrain, home to the US Navy's Fifth Fleet, has been rocked by unrest since security forces crushed Shia-led protests in 2011 demanding a constitutional monarchy and an elected prime minister.
Washington had previously called for Rajab's release, while international rights groups have condemned the trials against opponents of the Sunni regime.
COMMENTS
Comments are moderated and generally will be posted if they are on-topic and not abusive.
For more information, please see our Comments FAQ