Anderson, England's all-time leading wicket-taker, broke through the 450 mark on his way to a man-of-the-match display in a nine-wicket victory at Chester-le-Street on Monday which sealed a 2-0 series win over Sri Lanka.
The 33-year-old has already taken 18 wickets in the first two Tests of this English season ahead of next week's Sri Lanka finale at Lord's.
Ali, Anderson seal England series win over Sri Lanka
Anderson's eight-wicket haul at Chester-le-Street saw Anderson climb two places in the ICC rankings published on Tuesday, with former number one Broad now third behind India off-spinner Ravichandran Ashwin.
Anderson is the fourth England bowler to top the ICC's Test standings following Ian Botham (1980), Steve Harmison (2004) and Broad, who rose to the number one position following the Johannesburg Test against South Africa earlier this year.
Australia captain Steven Smith remains the number-one ranked Test batsman, followed by England's Joe Root and New Zealand’s Kane Williamson.
Kaushal Silva, Mathews lead Sri Lanka's resistance against England
Leading ICC Test rankings
Batsmen
1. Steven Smith
2. Joe Root
3. Kane Williamson
4. Hashim Amla
5. Younus Khan
6. AB de Villiers
7. Adam Voges
8. David Warner
9. Angelo Mathews
10. Misbahul Haq
England 498-9 dec against Sri Lanka
Bowlers
1. James Anderson
2. R. Ashwin
3. Stuart Broad
4. Yasir Shah
5. Dale Steyn
6. Ravindra Jadeja
7. Trent Boult
8. Josh Hazlewood
9. Morne Morkel
10. Vernon Philander
COMMENTS
Comments are moderated and generally will be posted if they are on-topic and not abusive.
For more information, please see our Comments FAQ