The image showed the head of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a controversial Hindu right-wing group with close links to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, dressed in a tight pair of women's trousers and black high heels.
The image of RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat was shared on Facebook and Whatsapp and was an apparent reference to the group's recent decision to ditch its trademark khaki shorts for long trousers.
India's hardline Hindus abandon trademark shorts
Police said they arrested Shakir Yunus and Wasim Sheikh, who are both in their early twenties, after receiving complaints about the image.
"We charged them with circulating obscene content and creating enmity between different groups," said D K Arya, deputy inspector general for the Khargone region in Madhya Pradesh state where the men live.
The RSS styles itself as a cultural organisation devoted to protecting India's Hindu culture.
But critics accuse it of being an anti-Muslim pseudo-fascist organisation with a history of fuelling religious tensions.
Indian student arrested for sedition released from jail
Some Twitter users criticised the arrests, which come as India's government faces pressure over its record on freedom of speech.
"How is a morphed Bhagwat image obscene or offensive to Hindus?" Nimisha Jaiswal tweeted.
how come a morphed image of Bhagwat hurt sentiments of Hindus ??? Mohan Bhagwat worst representation of Hindus
— Dr Amar Jadhao (@AmarJadhao) March 18, 2016
On what grounds has the arrest for sharing a morphed image of Mohan Bhagwat been made? The last I remember, 66 A was struck down.
— Akil Ranjeet Bakhshi (@a_bsays) March 18, 2016
If anyone can send me the image of Mohan Bhagwat I will tweet it-- dare the BJP government to arrest me... 1 /n
— Tehseen Poonawalla Official 🇮🇳 (@tehseenp) March 18, 2016
COMMENTS
Comments are moderated and generally will be posted if they are on-topic and not abusive.
For more information, please see our Comments FAQ