The group, which is aligned with al Qaeda, said it took over the base, about 550 km west of Mogadishu after a suicide bomber from the group rammed its gates. It said it was also in control of the small town of Ceel Cado nearby.
It said it killed 61 Kenyan soldiers serving as part of the African Union forces, while other soldiers escaped. The claim could not be independently verified.
In the past, al Shabaab has inflated casualty figures while Kenyan government officials have played them down.
Al Shabaab attack Somali hotel, kill at least 11
A spokesperson for Kenya's Defence Forces (KDF) said al Shabaab fighters overran a Somalia National Army camp situated close to a second camp run by Kenya Defence forces.
"(Kenyan) troops under (African Union auspices) counter-attacked ... The fighting is still going on ...and the number of casualties on both sides is unknown," Col. David Obonyo, KDF spokesperson, said in a statement.
'We have captured the town'
Al Shabaab said it was in control of Ceel Cado and had captured nearly 30 lorries, tanks and armored vehicles.
"We have now counted and gathered in the base 61 dead bodies of (Kenyan) soldiers," Sheikh Abdiasis Abu Musab, al Shabaab’s military operations spokesperson, told Reuters. "The entire town and the base are in our hands."
African Union troops, comprising about 22,000 soldiers from several African nations, have spent nearly a decade battling al Shabaab insurgents in Somalia, a country mired in conflict since civil war broke out in 1991.
Al Shabaab has in the past year staged multiple attacks against African Union bases in Somalia, part of a guerrilla-warfare strategy to drive out foreign troops and impose its harsh version of Islamic law across the Horn of Africa nation.
A shopkeeper in the town said soldiers from the African Union force, known as AMISOM, appeared to have left the town.
"We see al Shabaab in every corner of town," shopkeeper Abdullahi Iidle told Reuters. "Some residents have fled."
A Somali military official confirmed the militants had taken over the base. He said Kenyan troops and about a dozen Somali soldiers were stationed inside the AU compound.
"AMISOM has gone out of the town and base for strategic reasons," Colonel Farah Surow, a senior military officer stationed about 100 km (60 miles) from the Ceel Cado base, told Reuters.
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