The surprise hike comes into force from midnight and has immediately led to queues at some petrol stations in Qatar, according to social media.
Oil prices rise after Saudi Arabia cuts ties with Iran
The rises were announced by Woqod, the state fuel company, in a memo sent to petrol station managers on Thursday.
Prices for regular petrol will increase to 1.30 Qatari riyals (35 US cents) a litre from 1.00 riyal.
Other products will rise even more steeply, with one, premium petrol, increasing around 35 per cent to 1.15 riyals.
Pakistan's oil refineries continue to enjoy healthy margins
Last summer Qatar announced it would face its first budget deficit in 15 years in 2016 because of the fall in energy prices.
In December, it was forecast that lower energy prices would leave Qatar with a hole of around $12 billion in the 2016 budget.
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