As Karachi braces for another heatwave, as notified by the Pakistan Meteorological Department, it is essential to recognise the heightened risk that extreme heat poses to older adults — particularly those living in health care facilities, communities and institutionalised settings.
According to the WHO, the global population aged 60 and above will double to 2.1 billion by 2050. Pakistan is also undergoing this demographic shift, with projections indicating a rise in the elderly population from 7% today to nearly 13% by 2050. This change is unfolding amid limited health care resources, socioeconomic challenges, and the growing impact of climate change — all of which place older adults at increased risk.
In a study I published in BMC Geriatrics, the findings highlighted the lived experiences of older adults in Karachi’s shelter homes. The study revealed critical issues such as emotional isolation, insufficient care and lack of support — conditions that worsen significantly during environmental emergencies like heatwaves.
Older individuals often contend with diminished physical capacity, chronic illnesses and reduced mobility, impairing their ability to manage heat stress. Those in under-resourced communities or shelter homes frequently lack access to clean water, proper ventilation and caregiver support — factors that increase the risk of dehydration, heat stroke and hospitalisation.
To protect older adults during heatwaves, it is crucial to take several essential precautions. Individuals should avoid outdoor exposure between 11am and 3pm. If going outside is unavoidable, use umbrellas or damp scarves. It’s important to stay in shaded or cool areas, and during power outages, fan can provide relief. Wearing light, loose clothing and using breathable bedding are also recommended.
Older adults should take cool showers and drink 8–10 glasses of water daily, while avoiding caffeine and oily foods. Instead, they should opt for hydrating fruits like watermelon and cucumber. Furthermore, improving ventilation in homes is vital, and older adults should never be lefts in parked vehicles. Finally, raising awareness through mosques, community centres and Friday sermons can help disseminate these crucial safety measures.
Laila Akber Cassum
AKU, Karachi
