Deforestation has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental challenges in Pakistan, a country where forests cover only about 5% of its total land area. Unfortunately, forest loss continues at an alarming rate, driven by both human activities and natural factors, resulting in significant environmental and social consequences.
One of the primary drivers of deforestation is rapid population growth and urbanisation. As the population expands, so does the demand for land — whether for housing, infrastructure or agriculture. Forested areas are often cleared to accommodate cities, roads and farmlands, disrupting the delicate ecological balance.
Another critical factor is the heavy reliance on timber and fuelwood, particularly in rural areas. For many households, wood remains the main source of energy for cooking and heating, putting immense pressure on forest resources. Illegal logging exacerbates this issue, as trees are harvested at a rate faster than they can regenerate. Additionally, large-scale infrastructure projects, such as industrial zones and highways, further contribute to the destruction of forested areas.
The impacts of deforestation are far-reaching and devastating. It accelerates climate change by reducing the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide, leading to increased carbon emissions, rising temperatures and unpredictable weather patterns. Deforestation also causes soil erosion, making floods and landslides more frequent, especially in mountainous regions. Moreover, it threatens Pakistan’s rich biodiversity by destroying wildlife habitats and disrupts the livelihoods of communities that depend on forest resources for their survival.
To tackle deforestation, immediate and sustained action is crucial. Initiatives like the Billion Tree Tsunami have shown promise, but more comprehensive solutions are needed. These include implementing large-scale afforestation programmes, strictly enforcing laws against illegal logging and promoting alternative energy sources to reduce dependence on fuelwood.
Preserving Pakistan’s forests is not just an environmental imperative; it is a vital step toward ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Irfan Ali Thaheem
Sukkur
