The Indus River System Authority (IRSA), established in 1992 to ensure equitable water distribution among Pakistan’s provinces, was democratised by the 18th Constitutional Amendment. Articles 154 and 155 authorise the Council of Common Interests to resolve water disputes amicably. However, this democratic structure is under threat due to a proposed ordinance by the former caretaker cabinet to restructure IRSA.
Constitutionally, the IRSA chairmanship rotates among representatives from the four provinces and the federal government. The new ordinance seeks to centralise power, allowing the Prime Minister to appoint the chairman, thereby undermining provincial autonomy. This restructuring appears aimed at: strengthening federal control at the expense of provincial rights; advancing pet agro-projects in Sindh and Punjab; addressing water shortages in Punjab caused by climate change; and controlling water distribution from Islamabad through IRSA committees, with disputes resolved by tribunals. This undemocratic move has already sparked protests in Sindh and K-P.
Historically, those in power have relied on short-term solutions rather than addressing structural issues. To resolve the current water crisis while safeguarding democracy, it is suggested to repeal undemocratic ordinances through Article 89 of the Constitution and implement water management strategies to prevent wastage, as 40% of water is lost annually.
Pir Muhammad Shah Jillani
Khairpur Mirs
