KARACHI:
For decades, the water distribution conflict between Sindh and Punjab remains unresolved, despite numerous attempts to address it. This long-standing issue threatens to deepen divisions between these two major provinces. Each year, particularly during the Kharif crop sowing season, the dispute resurfaces, fueling tensions over how water from the Indus River should be allocated. The Indus River System Authority (IRSA) is the body responsible for overseeing water distribution among the provinces, but it has struggled to find a solution that satisfies all parties.
The Water Apportionment Accord of 1991 was established to ensure a fair allocation of water between the provinces. According to the accord, water should be distributed based on certain provisions. However, the current situation differs from what was envisioned in the past. Due to a shortage of water in rivers, IRSA has been using a controversial three-tier formula for over a decade. This formula relies on the water distribution patterns that were in place between 1978 and 1991, aiming to share both water shortages and surpluses proportionately between the provinces. According to this system, K-P and Balochistan are exempt from sharing in the water shortages, while Punjab and Sindh are required to adjust their quotas accordingly. However, Sindh has consistently opposed this approach, arguing that it exacerbates the already severe water shortages the province faces. The three-tier formula has significantly harmed Sindh’s agriculture sector, which depends heavily on a stable water supply. Despite Sindh’s objections, the Council of Common Interests allowed IRSA to continue using the disputed formula, further fueling frustration in the province.
As long as this issue remains unresolved, it continues to stoke tensions between the two provinces, posing a threat to national unity and harmony. A sustainable, fair solution is needed to ensure both regions can coexist peacefully and equitably share this vital resource.
Muhammad Siddique Soomro
Jamshoro
