KARACHI:
The proxy conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia, often referred to as a Middle Eastern Cold War, has been a long-standing struggle for influence in the region. The roots of their rivalry can be traced back to the 1979 Iranian revolution, with tensions escalating during the Iran-Iraq war when Saudi Arabia supported Iraq. Despite multiple attempts at dialogue, restoring bilateral relations has proven challenging.
One of the main causes of conflict between the two countries is sectarianism. Both Iran and Saudi Arabia, as major oil exporters, have also clashed over oil exporting policies. Saudi Arabia, with larger oil reserves and a smaller population, takes a long-term view of the global oil market, aiming for low to moderate prices. Conversely, Iran, facing a low standard of living due to sanctions, focuses on short-term gains with higher prices.
However, a breakthrough has recently emerged. Iran and Saudi Arabia have announced the restoration of bilateral ties, brokered by China. This agreement holds significant importance for Iran, which has faced isolation due to human rights records, sanctions on its nuclear program, and its support of Russia in the Ukraine war. This can be seen as a diplomatic victory for Tehran.
Published in The Express Tribune, July 17th, 2023.
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