Fourth shift defined as transition from Atlantic-centric international order to Eurasian-centred geopolitical system

Modern warfare has blurred civilian, military spaces, civilian collateral damage is no longer seen as a war crime

BJP has a replicable model now. Other states dominated by regional parties should take note

History is divided by the power of the status quo and the power to change it

Pakistan’s mediation fuels US–Iran talks, but fragile ceasefire tests durability of peace

Unchecked power politics and weak accountability keep the world trapped in cycles of war and injustice

US under the Trump administration seems to have moved into a scope condition and landed in a credibility trap

Theories of realism explain a conflict where red lines harden and diplomacy stalls

History tells us that the unintended consequences of going to a war are the real consequences that shape history

No war fought in a fragmented multipolar environment can stay regionalised