Declaring Urdu as national language was victory of united UP & Punjab elite over other groups mainly the Bengal elite.

We were carefully indoctrinated through Jasarat into supporting Jamaat in 1970 elections.

The process of political ijtehad has sharpened the sectarian political conflict, of Shias being pushed out by Sunnis.

The role of maulvis has turned into declaring who in specific situations can give his daughter in marriage to whom.

Shurafa castes only began to shift from their traditional professions when society changed under the Colonial system.

Alloying modern education with religious to limit corrupting influence on the young was promoted by Maulana Thanvi.

Difference of opinion often divides maulvis on subjects such as adoption of new technologies, suicide attacks.

Shurafa caste Indian Muslims openly became supporters of English colonial govt after 1857, in exchange for benefits.

Fatwa by Deoband for Muslims supporting Khilafat Movement, migrate from India to Afghanistan did not win Thanvi over.

Thanvi was particularly angry that Muslim leaders had subordinated themselves to Gandhi’s decisions, instead of ulama.