The Aussies will arrive on September 28 to play a three-day warm-up match against the Bangladesh Cricket Board's XI at Fatullah outside the capital.
Bangladesh will host Australia in the coastal city of Chittagong for the first Test from October 9 to 13 before playing the second in Dhaka from October 17 to 21.
The series will be the first between the nations since Australia's 2-0 victory during their tour in 2006.
Australia will be the fourth team to visit the cricketing minnows this year after Pakistan, India and South Africa.
Read: Bangladesh-South Africa Test headed for draw after washout
World champions Australia visited Bangladesh in 2011 to play three one-day internationals, although none were scheduled for this tour.
Schedule
Oct 3: Three-day practice match vs the Bangladesh Cricket Board's XI, Fatullah
Oct 9-13: First Test, Chittagong
Oct 17-21: Second Test, Dhaka
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