The nun, who is in her 70s, needed surgery after she was attacked last month when a gang of robbers broke into the convent school in the eastern state of West Bengal where she lived.
Deputy inspector general Dilip Kumar Adak said police tracked the suspects down to the northern state of Punjab after CCTV images and e-fit images were circulated nationwide.
Read: Robbers 'gang-raped' elderly Indian nun: police
"Four more Bangladeshi nationals resembling the photographs and sketches of the suspects in the rape and robbery at the Convent of Jesus and Mary High School in Ranaghat have been arrested," he said.
Two other suspects in the case are already in custody after they were arrested last week.
Adak said police had identified all eight people who broke into the convent using CCTV footage.
Read: Indian police make first arrest in nun's rape
One had been hired by the nuns to do construction work, he said.
India is reportedly home to tens of thousands of Bangladeshis who officials say cross illegally into the country, mainly through borders in West Bengal, Tripura and Assam.
The two countries share a 4,000-kilometre border, part of which has been fenced by India in a bid to prevent illegal immigrants sneaking into its northeastern states.
The immigration issue has driven a wedge between northeast India's Bengali-speaking population and local tribal and ethnic inhabitants, with Muslims bearing the brunt of decades of mistrust.
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