The queen presented Oscar-winning Jolie, who is special envoy to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the Insignia of an Honorary Dame Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George.
Dressed in a pale suit, she shook hands with the queen during an audience in the 1844 Room, named for the year when Russian Emperor Nicholas I made a state visit.
Jolie, 39, co-founded the Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative with former Foreign Secretary William Hague in 2012, and the award was announced in June when Jolie was co-chairing the End Sexual Violence in Conflict summit in London with Hague.
"To receive an honour related to foreign policy means a great deal to me, as it is what I wish to dedicate my working life to," she said at the time.
She was among 1,149 people to receive an honour for their contribution to British society in the 2014 Queen's Birthday Honours list.
Jolie is not a British citizen and therefore cannot be addressed as Dame. She receives the award on an honorary basis.
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